Your Sweetest Questions About Sugar Answered

Sugar is everywhere—in our morning coffee, our favorite snacks, and even hidden in foods we might not expect. But as much as we love its sweet taste, sugar has become a hot topic of debate. Is it really as bad as some say? Are sugar alternatives a healthier option? And with so many choices on the shelves, from honey to stevia to artificial sweeteners, how do we know what’s best for our health?

Here we break down the facts about sugar and its alternatives, answering the most common questions people have to help make more informed choices for when you’re craving a sweet treat. 

Is Sugar a Pure Substance?

Yes, refined white sugar (sucrose) is indeed a pure substance from a chemical perspective. It’s a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose molecules joined by a glycosidic bond, with the chemical formula C12H22O11. When you purchase refined white sugar, it’s typically 99.95% pure sucrose, with the remaining 0.05% being trace minerals and moisture.

During the refining process, manufacturers remove all impurities and other compounds, leaving behind pure sucrose crystals. This is why white sugar behaves so predictably in cooking and baking – you’re working with an essentially pure chemical compound.

Can I Use Brown Sugar Instead of Granulated Sugar in Baking Recipes?

Yes, brown sugar can often be used in place of granulated (white) sugar, but it does alter the texture, taste, and moisture content of a recipe. Brown sugar contains molasses, which gives it a slightly richer flavor and higher moisture content, making baked goods chewier and softer. If substituting brown sugar for granulated sugar, the general rule is a 1:1 ratio, but you may need to adjust the liquid content in your recipe by one to two teaspoons per cup of brown sugar to compensate for the added moisture.

What are the Pros and Cons of Different Sugar Substitutes?

Luckily we have quite a few sugar alternatives available at our disposal, but that doesn’t mean they are any better than granulated sugar. Here is a breakdown of why some alternatives may be better than others. 

Honey

Pros:

  • Contains antioxidants and minerals
  • Natural antibacterial properties
  • Lower glycemic index than refined sugar
  • Provides subtle flavor variations

Cons:

  • Higher calorie content than sugar
  • Can affect recipe moisture content
  • More expensive than regular sugar
  • Not vegan-friendly

Coconut Sugar

Pros:

  • Contains some minerals (iron, zinc, calcium)
  • Lower glycemic index than white sugar
  • Similar taste to brown sugar
  • Sustainable production

Cons:

  • Expensive
  • Still high in calories
  • Limited research on health benefits
  • Can be grainy in texture

Agave Nectar

Pros:

  • Lower glycemic index
  • Dissolves easily in cold liquids
  • Sweeter than sugar (use less)
  • Vegan-friendly

Cons:

  • High fructose content
  • More calories than sugar
  • Highly processed
  • May contribute to fatty liver disease

Sugar Alcohols (Xylitol, Erythritol)

Pros:

  • Fewer calories than sugar
  • Don’t impact blood sugar significantly
  • Good for dental health
  • Heat stable for baking

Cons:

  • Can cause digestive issues
  • More expensive than sugar
  • Some have cooling effect
  • May have bitter aftertaste

Stevia

Pros:

  • Zero calories
  • Natural origin
  • No impact on blood sugar
  • Heat stable

Cons:

  • Bitter aftertaste
  • Can be expensive
  • Different sweetness intensity
  • May require recipe adjustments

Monk Fruit

Pros:

  • Zero calories
  • Natural origin
  • No known side effects
  • Good for diabetics

Cons:

  • Expensive
  • Limited availability
  • Often mixed with other sweeteners
  • May have slight aftertaste

Dates

Pros:

  • Rich in fiber, minerals (potassium, magnesium, iron) and antioxidants
  • Provides moisture to baked goods
  • Lower glycemic load than refined sugar when whole
  • Adds caramel-like flavor
  • Good binding properties in recipes

Cons:

  • High caloric density
  • More expensive than regular sugar
  • Can alter recipe texture/color
  • May need processing (soaking/blending)
  • Can be difficult to measure precisely
  • Still impacts blood sugar (though less severely than refined sugar)

Is Monk Fruit Sugar Safe to Consume?

Yes, monk fruit sweetener is considered safe for consumption by health authorities, including Health Canada and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It has no reported adverse effects and does not raise blood sugar levels, making it a viable alternative for people with diabetes or those looking to reduce sugar intake.

Does Sugar Cause Inflammation?

Consuming high amounts of refined sugar can contribute to chronic inflammation in the body. Studies suggest that diets high in added sugars promote increased levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Excessive sugar intake can also lead to insulin resistance, weight gain, and an increased risk of conditions like heart disease and type 2 diabetes. However, naturally occurring sugars in fruits and vegetables, which come with fiber and essential nutrients, do not have the same inflammatory effects as processed sugars.

What is Sucre Semoule?

Sucre semoule is the French term for granulated sugar, commonly used in baking and cooking in France and other French-speaking regions, including parts of Canada. It has a fine texture, making it ideal for dissolving quickly in recipes. While similar to regular granulated sugar, sucre semoule may sometimes be slightly finer, though it serves the same purpose.

Which Fruit Has the Most Sugar?

Fruits contain natural sugars, mainly in the form of fructose. However, their fiber content helps slow down sugar absorption, making them a healthier choice compared to processed sugary foods.

Among commonly consumed fruits, mangoes, grapes, cherries, and bananas tend to have higher sugar contents. A ripe mango contains approximately 45 grams of sugar per fruit. Grapes contain about 23 grams of sugar per cup.

How Much Sugar is in an Apple and Banana?

The sugar content of an apple varies based on size and variety, but on average, a medium apple contains around 19 grams of sugar. A medium banana contains about 14 grams of sugar.

While these fruits are relatively high in sugar compared to others like berries, they also provide fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants that offer health benefits beyond their sugar content.